BASIC PYTHON

Data Type

Data type represents the type of data a Variable or a Literal is referring to. Each data type has specific characteristics and operations associated with it. In Python, there are various data types, including number, string, boolean, list, tuple, and dictionary.

Mutable Objects

Mutable data objects are objects that can be changed after they are created. It is possible to add, remove, or modify elements within these data types. Example of mutable data types: List, Set and Dictionary.

Immutable Objects

An Objects whose values cannot be changed after they are created are called immutable objects. To change the value, a new object is created. Example of immutable data types: Number (Integer, Float), String, and Tuple.

Integer

Numbers with No Fractional Part
Can be Positive or Negative
In Python 3, the int type has no max limit. Values can be as large as the available memory allows.
Example 100, 0o55 (octal number), 0x68(hexadecimal number)

Float

Numbers with Fractional Part
Example: 3.14

Complex

Numbers with both real and imaginary components
A complex number is represented by "x + yj". Example 10 + 9j

Boolean

A boolean data type can assume one of the two possible values : True or False.

Sequence

An ordered collection of items or elements which includes several built-in types as String, List, and Tuple. Values in the sequence are called elements/items. Each element in a sequence has a unique index.

String

A string is an ordered sequence of characters enclosed in single/double/triple quotes.
Single Line String : Terminates in a single line. Example:'This is an example of single line'
Multi Line String : Does not terminate in a single line. A multiline string may be created using three quotes

For more about string

List

List is an ordered sequence data type which can store values of any data type.
List is mutable.
List is enclosed in square brackets [ ]
Example : [ ] is an empty List, [5, 6.5, True, 'Hello'] is a List having 5, 6.5, True and 'Hello' as four elements.

For more about list

Tuple

Tuple is an ordered sequence which can store values of any data type.
They are immutable, i.e the items of a Tuple cannot be updated after creation.
Tuple is enclosed in parenthesis ( )
Example : t=( ) is an empty Tuple

For more about tuple

Mapping

Mapping is an unordered data type in Python. Currently, there is only one standard mapping data type in Python called dictionary.

Dictionary

Dictionary in Python stores items in the form of key-value pairs
syntax is dict_variable = {key1:value1, key2:value2, …, key-n:value-n}
Items in a dictionary are enclosed in curly brackets { } and are separated by commas
In a key-value pair, the key is separated from the value using a colon (:)
To access any value in the dictionary, specify the key as the index using square brackets [ ].
Example : { } is an empty dictionary, D = {'name':'Python','version':'3.7.2', 'OS': 'Windows'}

For more about Dictionary